240 RIKARD STERNER 



Russia. Viola rupestris Schm. and Veronica longifolia L., which occur in 

 almost the whole Subarctic Europe. Ranunculus polyanthemos L. and 

 Heracleum sibiricum L., which form transition types. 



3. Pontic — Baltic distribution, for instance, Ononis hircina Jacq. (= ar- 

 vensis L.) (map 13, Plate 19), Sonchus palustris L.; Koeleria glauca (Schkuhr) 

 DC. differs through isolated occurrences in western P>ance (see Domin, 

 1Q07 p. 54, where there is a schematic map). 



4. Ponticobaitic — (South and) Central luiropean distribution, for 

 instance, Inula britannica L. 



III. BoRKAL species. 



1. Sarmatian distribution, for instance, Astragalus arenarius L. (map 14, 

 Plate 2o),Cnidiumvenosum(Hoffm.)Koch(mapi5,Plate2o),Bupleurumaureum 

 Fisch., y\grimonia pilosa Ledeb. (comp. Kupffer 1905), Scolochloa festucacea 

 (Willd.) Link. ; Dracocephalum Ruyschiana L. (map 16, Plate2o) differs through 

 its occurrence in the Alpes and through its Scandinavian distribution area. 



b. The Cassubiaii rariant comprises species which differ through the 

 fact that the species reach their eastern limit alread\- in Central Russia, 

 for instance, Koeleria grandis (Bess.) Domin (Domin 1. c, p. 244 and map 

 i), Pulsatilla pratensis L. (Hayek 1QO4), Dianthus arenarius L. (according 

 to Ascherson und Graebner, Bd V:2 1922, pp. 422 ff.); Gypsophila fasti- 

 giata L. (map 17, Plate 21) differs through its occurrences on the Bohemian, 

 Moravian, and Hungarian plain. 



c. The Snbarctically variant, e. g. Cenolophium Fischeri Koch, Ledum 

 palustre L. 



2. Sarmatian — Central European distribution. This type closely 

 resembles type 11:2, from whici; it differs through the fact that the species are 

 lacking or inconsiderably distributed on the South luiropean steppes, for 

 instance, Potentilla alba L., Achroanthes monophyllos (L.) Bcene (map iS, 

 Plate 21), Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. 



b. The Cassuhian- — Central European variant^ for instance, Laserpitium 

 latifolium L., forming a transition to a Scandinavian — Central European 

 distribution; Omphalodcs scorpioides (Haenke) Schrank. 



c. The Snbarctically variant^ for instance, Calla palustris L., Cirsium ole- 

 raceum L., Picea abies (L.) Karst. forms a transition type to III: 3 b. 



3. Baltic — Central European distribution, for instance, Scorzonera 

 humilis L., .Selinum carvifolia L. 



b. The Snbarctically variant, for instance, Carex ericetorum L. and Calama- 

 grostis arundinacea (L.) Roth (map ig, Plate 22). Pyrola chlorantha L. 

 (map 19, Plate 22), Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. (map 20, Plate 22), Viola 

 mirabilis L. (map 20), Pinus silvestris L. form transition types to 11:2 c. 



