348 RIKARD STERNER 



area in the north-west. In the south of Sweden it j^roves to be to a very large 

 extent Hmited to low-lying land; in Central Sweden it is abundantly distributed 

 on the low-lying plains round the great lakes, while it is very rare in the South- 

 Swedish highland. To judge b)' m\- own observations, the species occurs very 

 often in Ostergotland, Sodermanland and Uppland in the broad-leaf forests which 

 have been described above as being rich in Calamagrostis arundinacea. 



Campanula cervicaria (Plate ii). In a number of localities in the north-east of 

 Smaland, in the south-east of (istergotland and Sodermanland and Uppland 

 (Jumkil and Jarlasa!) I ha\c seen this species occur in wood meadows ricli in 

 Calamagrostis arundinacea. According to information kindly given to mc by 

 the late Mr. Herman Eroding, the clever taxonomist, the species is to be 

 met with in Varmland especially in the edges of woods or thickets on hay-fields 

 b\- the side of lakes and watercourses (see too Skarman, Svensk Botan. Tidskr. 

 19 1 2, p. 400 and 1 9 14, p. 368). To judge by the position of the occurrences 

 on the map this seems also to be its usual mode of occurrence in Central Sweden 

 and southern Norrland. According to Andersson and Birger (191 2, p. 95), it 

 also appears on southward-facing hills in Varmland. In the south of Sweden the 

 species would seem often to appear in slopes covered with groves or oaks. On 

 Gland this is its normal mode of occurrence. 



The distribution of this species differs from that of tlie species previously 

 mentioned in tlie fact that it comprises a large part of the forest region of 

 southern Norrland, and in the fact that in South Sweden it would seem to be 

 considerable more abundant in wooded hill districts (the north-east of Smaland and 

 the south of Ostergotland, Kolmarden, Tiveden etc.) than on plains and in coastal 

 districts. It should be pointed out that this species is restricted to the north- 

 eastern and >uore broke}! districts in Smaland. In this res])ect the species shows 

 accordance with certain species previously mentioned, especially Ranunculus poly- 

 anthemos (p. 319) and Agrimonia eupatoria (p. 344). 



To til is group of species may be referred Campanula persicifolia and Scorzonera 

 humilis, which are common, or all but common, in almost the whole of South 

 Sweden. The first-named, however, is lacking, or rare, in a rather large area in 

 the south-west of Smaland. Towards the north this species pushes its way along 

 the coastal region of Norrland as far up as Angermanland, and is found even in 

 Jamtland, while Scorzonera, on the other hand, reaches its northern limit so far 

 south as the Gavle district, the south of Dalarne and the south of Varmland. 

 — In Middle Europe the species are very widely distributed, but they are to- 

 tall}' absent from Great Britain and in an area on the mainland of North-West 

 Europe. 



Inula salicina (Plate 7), which is also found throughout almost the whole of 

 Middle Europe, is widel)- distributed in South Sweden. The distribution difters 



