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*Family Culicidae (Gnats or Mpsquitoes). Small and slender. 

 A long piercing and sucking proboscis projecting in front of 

 the head. Scales on the body and the wing veins. Towards 

 apex of wing two bifurcated veins separated by one simple 

 vein. Antennae with plumes in whorls, dense in the male. 

 In repose the hindmost legs are raised (a diagnostic habit). Eggs 

 laid on surface of the water ; and floating singly, or in small 

 groups and on their sides ( Anopheles) or upright and in ad- 

 herent " egg -rafts " of 200 or 300 (Culex). Larvae aquatic. 

 Pupa " comma-shaped " and with two trumpet-like stigmata 

 behind the large head. Blood-sucking habit confined to 

 female. 

 *Sub-family Anophelinse, 



Example, *Anopheles maculipennis (The Spotted 

 Gnat). A natural carrier of malaria in 

 Italy. (See " Catechism," Zoology, 

 Part I., page 61.) A locally common 

 British mosquito. 

 *Sub-family Culicinae. 



Examples, *Stegomyia fasciata (The Tiger Mosquito). 



The carrier of yellow fever. 

 *Theobaldia annulata (The Wood Gnat). 

 A large and common British domestic 

 mosquito. Wings five-spotted, and 

 legs with white ring-markings. 

 *Culex pipiens (The common European 

 House -gnat or Mosquito). The com- 

 monest British domestic mosquito. 

 Brown, without distinctive markings. 

 *Culex fatigans (A common Tropical Gnat). 

 Similar in appearance to C. pipiens. 

 The chief carrier of the larvae of Filaria 

 bancrofti which cause filariasis in Man. 

 It probably also conveys the virus of 

 dengue fever. 



*Family Tabanidae (Horse-flies, Clegs, etc.). A stout piercing 

 and sucking proboscis, usually projecting downwards. Blood- 

 sucking habit confined to female. 



Examples, *Haematopota (Cleg or Stout). 



*Tabanus. Various species attack domestic 

 animals and Man. Tabanus lineola is 

 suspected as carrier of Trypanosoma 

 evansi which causes " surra " in horses 

 in Indo-Burma. (See page 45, Part I., 

 " Catechism" Zoology.) 

 *Chrysops dimidiata. Is the intermediate 

 host of Microfilaria diurna, the larva of 

 Filaria loa of Man. See page 110. 



