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Order Ungulata. 



Sub -order Sub - ungulata. Three to five functional digits. 

 Plantigrade. 



Examples, Hyrax, syn. Procavia (Coney). Kodent-like 



and plantigrade. Africa. 

 Elephas (Elephant). India, Africa. 



Sub -order Ungulata vera (True Ungulates), Never more than 

 four functional digits. Digitigrade. 



Division Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates). 



Section Bunodontia. The crowns of the molars have 

 separate cusps ( bunodont). Four separate digits. Stomach 

 simple. 

 Examples, Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus). Semi- 



aquatic. Rivers and swamps, Africa. 

 Sus (Pig). Digits II. and V. small, not 



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reaching ground. Dentition 



Dicotyles (Peccary). America. 



Section Selenodontia, Ruminants. The cusps of the molars 

 modified as partly longitudinal and partly transverse 

 crescents (selenodont). The teeth are often hypsodont, 

 i.e., having long crowns (e.g., Ox, Sheep). Upper jaw 

 usually without incisors. Metacarpals and metatarsals 

 of 3rd and 4th digits generally fused (" cannon-bone ") ; 

 2nd and 5th digits vestigial or absent. Deer, giraffe, 

 cattle, sheep and goats walk on the nails (hoofs) of their 

 3rd and 4th digits ; camels walk on their terminal 

 phalanges. Stomach complex, adapted for ruminating. 



1133 

 Examples, Camelus (Camel). Dentition . Central 



Asia and Arabia. 



Auchenia (Llama, Alpaca, etc.). S. America. 

 Tragulus (Chevrotain). India, Ceylon, Indo- 



Malaya. 

 Cervus (Deer). Throughout the world, except 



Ethiopian and Australian Regions. 



Giraffa (Giraffe). Dentition ^ 33 . Africa. 



Okapia (Okapi). A short-necked giraffe. 

 Congo (Semliki Forest), Central Africa. 



Antilocapra (Prong- buck). The horns (epi- 

 dermal sheaths) are branched, and are 

 shed annually. North America. 



Antilope (Antelope). India, Africa. 



Bos (Ox) } 00 oo 



Ovis (Sheep) [ Dentition _ . 



Capra (Goat) J 



