274 



Apes, they have small ischial callosities. Omnivorous. Height, 

 three feet, or nearly so ; length of arm the same. Distribution, 

 S.-E. Asia, especially the Malay Archipelago. 



The Orang-utan (Simla) walks on its knuckles and the outer edge* 

 of its feet. It has a high and rounded cranium ; and it is the ape 

 whose brain presents structurally the closest approach to that of 

 Man. Its canine teeth are large. It has, like Man, twelve ribs. 

 It lives almost constantly in the trees (forests of Borneo and Sumatra), 

 forming a rough kind of nest for itself amongst the branches ; and 

 it is exclusively vegetarian. Heavily built. Height of male about 

 4J feet ; the arm reaches to the ankle. 



The Gorilla, the largest of the apes, is massive in build, and attains 

 a height of about 5 feet. The male is larger than the female. The 

 arms reach to the middle of the lower leg. It walks on the soles 

 of the feet and the backs of the (closed) hands ; it is able to stand 

 (and walk) without the support of the arms. The ridges of its skull 

 are strongly developed ; the canine teeth are very large. It feeds 

 chiefly on fruit, and lives in the forests of Western Equatorial 

 Africa. 



The Chimpanzee ( Anthropopithecus) * does not exceed 5 feet in 

 height." The arms reach slightly below the knee. It walks on the 

 soles of the feet (or the closed toes) and the backs of the (closed) 

 hands ; but frequently without the support of the arms. The skull 

 is without prominent ridges, and the canine teeth are relatively 

 smaller than those of the Gorilla. In many ways (e.g., the curvature 

 of the backbone) the Chimpanzee is the ape most like Man. It 

 lives in the forests of West and Central Equatorial Africa. 



Pithecanthropus erectus is an extinct form, remains of which were 

 found in Java (Early Pleistocene). It is supposed to be intermediate 

 between the Anthropoid Apes and Man. 



See Classification, page 265. 



State the Chief Structural features which distinguish Man from the 

 Anthropoid Apes. 



The curvature of the spine, the perfect adaptation of the lous t<> 

 support the body, the big toe not opposable and not prehensile, are 

 features associated with the characteristic erect posture. Relatively, 

 the arms are shorter and the legs longer than those of Apes. The 

 brain is much larger and more complex than that of any Ape. The 

 skull is without sagittal and occipital (lambdoidal) crests or ridges, 



212S 



and its frontal region is distinctively large. The teeth, , form 



an even series, the canines not projecting conspicuously. The hairy 

 covering of the body is greatly reduced. 



