ie) AN ACCOUNT OF BRITISH FLIES. 
‘“‘Systema Nature.” In this edition he classified insects into four 
classes. The first he called the Coleoptera, the second the Angiop- 
tera, the third the Hemiptera, and the fourth the Apzera. 
The Coleoptera, or covered wings, included the beetles. The 
Angioptera, or naked-winged insects, were the moths and _ butter- 
flies. Aptera, having limbs but no wings, included the spiders, 
fleas and lobsters, etc., whilst in the Hemiptera he placed such 
insects as the bugs and locusts. In this first edition we see he 
includes other orders, namely, Vermes, Mollusca, and Echini; thus 
somewhat following Reaumur. This we must notice as a curious 
piece of retrogression, as even Aristotle saw the difference between 
many of these, and classified the sea-urchins in a different class to 
the insects. , 
Finally, in the edition of 1767 he classified insects in seven orders 
instead of four, and at the same time took away the echini, etc., 
from the class Insecta and placed them in a class called the Vermes. 
This class, then, is seen to contain a great number of most varied 
forms. We find here worms, Czlenterates, Polyzoa, Mollusca, 
Echinoderms, etc., all mixed up together. 
His seven orders of insects were the following : 
1. Coleoptera ; 2. Hemiptera; 3. Lepidoptera; 4. Neuroptera; 5. Hymen- 
optera ; 6. Diptera; 7. Aptera. 
And thus we see our present arrangement of orders is nearly parallel 
to this. 
Another arrangement of the insects, of no value, but of some 
interest, is that published by Dr. Hill in his ‘‘ History of Animals.” 
He divided the class Insecta into three groups, namely : 
1. Aptera, having no wings. 
2. Pteraria, winged. 
diptera, two-winged flies. 
tetraptera, four-winged flies. 
3. Gymnarthridia, soft bodied, with legs. 
Then followed a most remarkable system of classification, well 
known on the Continent as the Scropoli System. This was brought 
forward in a work entitled ‘‘Introductio ad Historiam Naturalem,” 
in 1777. Scropoli followed the arrangement of Linnzus; but his 
nomenclature was very different, and afterwards alterations were 
made. He seemed to consider each order should be coupled with 
the name of the entomologist who has worked at it; and thus we 
find the following curious arrangement, which met with some success 
on the Continent (he made five orders) : 
1. Swammerdamii—lucifuga. 
2. Geoffroy—gymnoptera. 
