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CLASSIFICATION OF DIPTERA. 13 
tions of a large number of European and Exotic genera and species, 
and thus a foundation for a satisfactory classification was arrived at. 
Latreille was one of the first who attacked this subject in a scientific 
way, and he worked at the affinities of the group. He based his 
classification on the trophi and the transformations. Macquart 
classified the Diptera as follows : 
Division 1. Memocera=Tipulide and Culicide. 
» 2 Brachycera. 
Sub. Div. i. Hexacheta (six sete in mouth), 
» 9 we Zetracheta (four ditto). 
» ~6099_—sd. Decheta. 
Latreille, in his ‘‘ Familles Naturelles,” classified them according to 
their metamorphosis, and divides them into four families, viz.: t. 
Nemocera ; 2. Tanystoma ; 3. Notacantha; 4. Athericera. 
Number three including the Stratiomydie. This arrangement of 
Latreille’s is nearly followed by Westwood in his “ Introduction to 
the Modern Classification of Insects” (1840). He divides the flies 
into the following two sections : 
Section 1.—Head always distinct from thorax. Claws of tarsi not 
dentated. Larvze develop outside the parent. 
Section 2.—Head immersed in the thorax. Claws denticulate. 
Larva nourished in the parent. 
Section 1.—A. Nemocera. (Stirps 1.) 
Antennz having more than six joints. Palpi four 
to five jointed = Culicidz Pipulide. 
B. Brachycera. 
Antennz having not more than three joints. Palpi 
one to two jointed. 
(Stirps 2.) Votacantha. 
Antennz apparently composed of only three joints ; 
last joint articulated. Proboscis exserted, seldom 
enclosing more than two lancets. Structure of 
the mouth very incomplete, and number of setz 
variable. Pupa coarctate; the skin of the larva 
nearly retaining its previous form = (Stratiomide, 
etc.). 
(Stirps 3.) Zanystoma. 
Antenne only three-jointed, terminated by a seta. 
Proboscis exserted generally with four sete. Pupa 
incomplete = (Zabanide, Bombyliide, Empide 
Leptide, Dolichopodide, etc.). 
(Stirps 4.) Athericera. 
Antennz with only two or three joints, terminated 
