CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES OF DIPTERA. xiii 
Family Zabanide. 
Three basal cells, very prolonged. Third longitudinal vein furcate. 
Two intercalary veins always present; marginal running around 
whole border. Tegulz large. Head broader than thorax. Third 
joint of antennz annulate, generally entire; no terminal bristle. 
Proboscis strong and prominent. Empodium large, pulvilliform. 
Family Leptide. 
Head smaller than in Tabanidz. Antennz short, last joint 
rounded, furnished with terminal bristle. 
Family Astdide. 
Three basal cells, much prolonged. Third longitudinal vein 
furcate, and the two intercalary veins present. Head short and 
broad; eyes prominent. Third joint of antennze simple. Thorax 
narrowed in front. Empodium like a horny bristle. 
Family Bombylide. 
Three basal cells much prolonged; the anterior intercalary 
present, the posterior always wanting. Proboscis prominent, long 
and slender. Third joint of antennz simple, generally provided with 
a bristle or tuft at the end. Empodium rudimentary. 
Family Z) herevide. 
Three basal cells prolonged; both intercalary veins present. 
Third longitudinal vein furcate. Antennze with short terminal bristle. 
No empodium. 
Family Scenopinide. 
Three basal cells, very large ; the third closed far from the border 
of wing. No intercalary vein; third longitudinal vein furcate. 
Antennz with third joint very long, no terminal bristle. No em- 
podium. 
Family Cyrtide. 
Eyes very large. Tegulz vaulted, very large. Basal cells long. 
Neuration very variable, often incomplete. Terminal antennal joint 
simple. Tibiz spurless. Empodium large, pulvilliform. 
Family Zmpide. 
Three basal cells complete, large ; the third shorter than second. 
Posterior basal transverse vein parallel to border of wing. Anterior 
intercalary present, posterior wanting. Antenne with first two joints 
very small, hardly distinct; third not annulated ; often with a ter- 
minal bristle. Empodium membranaceous. 
