APHANIPTERA. 37 
(the former hot) are suitable agents. There is, also, an old 
country method of a boiled concoction of laurel-leaves, 
poured over the floor when boiling. No doubt the boiling 
water and the prussic acid in the leaves may have some 
effect. 
For animals, such as dogs, the same rule of cleanliness applies. 
If the kennels are kept well purified with insect-powder and carbolic 
acid, these insect pests soon disappear. In dogs very badly affected, 
a bath of gas-water, after having been sprinkled with insect-powder, 
is often very satisfactory, especially in long-coated dogs. 
Literature on the Aphaniptera: 
1. Annals of Nat. Hist., 1848. ‘The Common Flea.” West- 
wood. 
2. Annals of Soc. Entom. de France, 1872. ‘‘ Metamorphoses 
de la Puce du Chat (Pulex felis).” Dr. Al. Laboulbéne. 
3. Annals of Soc. Entom. de France, 1873. ‘‘ Observations sur 
les Puces, en particulier sur les Larves des Puces du Chat 
et du Loir (P. felis et P. fasciatus).” J. Kunckel. 
4. “ Die Flohe,” von Dr. O. Taschenberg. Halle, Max Niemeyer, 
1880. 
. “ Insekten-Kunde,” von Dr. Taschenberg, p. 127. 
. Hist. Nat. des Insectes, Apttres, Walckenaer, vol. iii. 
. Insecta Britannica, Diptera, vol. iii. Walker. 
. British Entomology. Curtis. 
. Arcana Nature, tom. i. Leuwenhoeck. 
ro. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1832 and 1836. Dugés. 
11. Nov. Act. Acad. Cees. Nat. Curios., vol. xvii. Bouché. 
12. Brasil. vorzugl. last. Ins. (fig. 5), translated in Mag. Nat. Hist. 
vol. ix. Pohl and Kollar. 
13. On the Affinities of the Aphaniptera. Nat. Hist. Re. Pro. ii, 
p. 9, 1856. A. H. Haliday. 
Nore 1.—The “ Jigger.” Mr. Newton, Vice-Consul at Loanda, informs us that 
the “‘ Jigger ” was not known on the W. coast of Africa before 1872, but that year 
the ship Zhomas Mitchell went from Rio Janeiro to the port of Ambry, and the 
crew on arrival were suffering from “ Jiggers.” These were quickly communicated 
to the crews of the boats and introduced on shore, and in a short time everyone 
had them in Ambry. They have since gradually spread along the coast. Mr. 
Newton continues to tell us that he has seen many natives without toes and in a 
dreadful state from allowing the eggs to hatch and burst and the wound to fester. 
The ‘‘Jiggers ” keep along the coast, and are seldom found in theinterior. They 
yenerally attack the hands and feet, but have been observed in all parts of the 
body, and are chiefly found in dry and sandy places, not in the damp. 
NoTE 2.—P. erinacei, p. 32, has a few,bristles or spines on the prothorax (not 
mesothorax), but no fringe. 
Note 3.—?. galling, p. 31.. Mr. G. C. Bignell, F.E.S., has kindly sent me 
some fleas from house-martins’ nests. These are undoubtedly typical specimens of 
P. galline, and differ from those taken by myself from swallows’ nests in several 
points which will be given at the end of vol. i. 
OD on aw 
