NEMATOCERA. 55 
are pedunculated, but longer than in the female. The terminal 
joint no longer than the others. 
Hair on the scutellum is also different to the female, being white 
or gray. 
Abdomen black, pink at the end, marked in the same way as in 
the female, but the black spots have united, owing to the thinness 
and elongation of the body. 
A pink line is seen down the centre of the dorsal segments, and 
often a streak across each segment at its edge. The last segment is 
pink, and bears a pair of claspers of a brown colour ; between these 
claspers are situated the generative organs.* 
Legs lighter than in the female. 
Wings not so dark as the female, and longer in proportion to the 
size of the body. 
The colours vary as the insects grow ; by some observers they are 
said to possess a reddish tinge when hatched (Enock). 
Miss Ormerod saw the changes taking place as described by 
Wagner: “from a golden-brown, through the shades of mulberry 
with transverse black bands above on the first six segments of the 
abdomen, on to the general brown tints of the abdomen,” etc.f 
Mr. Enock finds the @ flies shy and retiring, hiding themselves 
under leaves and in holes in the ground, and resting on the earth, 
where their dark colour protects them. ‘The first brood appears in 
August or beginning of September, and the second towards the end 
of April or May. Egg-laying continues through May and June. 
The eggs are laid either on wheat or barley; oats at present not 
being attacked by this fly. Rye is, however, subject to the injurious 
attacks of this most important insect pest. 
At present we are not aware that it attacks root crops in any way, 
nor pulse, such as beans, peas and tares. 
Couch grass (Zriticum repens) suffers largely from the Hessian-fly ; 
in Russia whole districts have been destroyed ; it is also known to 
attack “Timothy grass” (Phleum pratense) ; and at present, as far 
as we can tell, many more may be attacked ina similar way. Agri- 
culturists should note this, as thick, grassy hedges, etc., near corn- 
fields may form nurseries for the Hessian-flies to develop. It also 
shows how beneficial burning stubble is in destroying this pest. 
The ova are placed by the female a little above a node or joint 
of the wheat or barley stem. Dr. Griffiths says, in his manual of 
“Diseases of Crops,” that the larve establish themselves “ just 
* Entomologist, 1887, p. 172. Fig. of male genital organs. —Meade. 
~ ‘‘Life-History of Hessian-Fly in Britain.” ztomologist, 1887, p. 9- 
