THE MYCETOPHILIDA. 95 . 
jointed ; in this the first joint is fleshy, and divided into two by a 
horny ring; second joint cylindrical and horny; third joint short, 
often bearing a bristle. 
if $ 
Fic. 13.—Mouth parts of AZycetid larva.—a. Labrum ; 8. Maxilla; y. Mandible ; 
6, Labium. 
Ocellt may be present, and are figured by Osten-Sacken in his paper 
as a small, pellucid convex spot below the antennz in ALycetophila 
larve. 
The mouth parts of the larve are typical and normal, consisting 
of dabrum, mandibles, maxille, and upper lip. 
The dabrum, Fig. 13 («), is fleshy and encased in a horny frame ; 
its function, according to Osten-Sacken, “‘ seems to be, principally, 
to shut the oral orifice, and perhaps to press on the mandibles and 
maxillze during the process of mastication.” 
The maxilla, Fig. 13)(8), are horny and serrated on the inside. 
The maxille consist of two pieces: a triangular cardinal piece («) 
and a stirf~s composed of two distinct pieces, an inner and outer (4) 
and (@); the inner one has a serrated lobe on the inside, showing 
much analogy of structure in all the larvee (Sciara has six or seven 
indentations, A/ycetophila ten or eleven). A rudimentary palpus is 
present in some forms (.Sciophi/a) ; it is 2-jointed. In other genera 
it is very rudimentary. 
The upper lip, Fig. 13 (6), little developed. Usually as a V-shaped, 
horny piece between the maxilla. This may have some function in 
connection with the cocoon spinning of the Jarve. 
The Mandibles, Fig. 13 (vy), are horny lamels serrated on the 
inside, and are compressed between labrum and maxillz. 
The general form of the body is sub-cylindrical, elongated, and 
-fleshy, white or yellowish, and composed of twelve segments. In 
many it is serpentiform (Sciophila), some stout (Bolitophila). Tne 
skin is smooth ; hairs on the ventral surface. Eight pairs of stigmata 
are present: one pair on the first thoracic and seven on the first 
seven abdominal segments. The larve are generally transparent, 
