162 AN ACCOUNT OF BRITISH FLIES, 
appeared amongst the hop-cones at Rainham, in Kent, in 1882. It 
has been observed in enormous numbers off the Norfolk coast. In 
1862 it was recorded as hanging in millions on flowers and in 
bunches on grasses” (Ormerod, Man. Inj. Insects, p. 129). In 
April, 1884, Miss Ormerod had the larve sent her from Sitting- 
bourne, where they were attacking the hops and doing considerable 
damage by eating away the roots ; and a few days later she continues 
to tell us it was reported from Sharsted that “‘ These grubs appear 
to be doing much damage to the hop plants by gnawing away the 
original plant, and considerable quantities of them may be found 
even at one stem.” They also appear to do damage to the roots 
of grass and corn and garden plants. Curtis also notices that 
the maggots are found in cow and horse manure. I have myself 
bred many from the latter, and think it most probably their true 
home. If so, they are readily spread, in manure, to the fields ang 
gardens, as so many other insect pests are. 
The first brood appears in May and June, the second in the 
autumn. The larvz are white, cylindrical, legless grubs, with brown 
head and numerous hairs, about a quarter of an inch in length. The 
pupze are pale brown; whitish, according to Miss Ormerod. 
D, albipennis, Mg. = Hirtea albipennis, Zett. 
This is also a black insect, but the tibiz and tarsi are testaceous 
(Meigen, Sys. Beschr., vi., 315, 6, § 830. 
D. humeralis, Zett. 
This is another British species. Black; the sédes yellow and the 
wings having a brownish-yellow tinge. Legs reddish. Length 2} to 
24 lin. (Zetterstedt, Dip. Scan. ix., 3393, 3, 1850). 
( Hirtea, Zett., F. 
( Tipula, L., Deg., Schrk. 
The body stout, elongated, fairly large. Head elongated in 9, 
broad in ¢. The mouth parts are as follows: Labrum short, 
triangular, hairy at apex ; lingua long and lanceolate, hairy at apex ; 
labium very hairy, bilobed. Eyes hairy, large and contiguous in the 
d; remote in the 2. Ocelli thrée. Palpi 4-jointed; first joint 
small ; second linear, longer than third; fourth small; fifth longer. 
Antenne 7 to g-jointed, sub-moniliform, and short ; first and second 
joints hairy ; ninth round ; the rest are transverse and minutely pub- 
escent. PI. iii. fig. 6c. Thorax elongate, oval. Abdomen with nine 
segments, hairy, blunt apex in the @, pointed in 2. Legs stout, moder- 
ately long; anterior femora and tibia short, the latter having a large 
apical spine and a small thick spur; posterior tibize with two apical 
GENus.—Sibio, Geoff. = 
