THE SIMULID&. 165 
B. ferruginatus Gmel. = TZ: flavicaudis, Deg. 
Head and thorax with black hairs, body gray hairs. ‘Tarsi reddish. 
Legs red in the @. 
B. venosus, Mg. = H. nervosa, Mg. 
Black, clothed with whitish hairs. Legs black. (B. E., ili., 138, 
Curtis ; and Meigen, S. B., i., 3-10, 1818.) 
B. reticularis, Lw. 
& shining black with whitish hairs ; anterior tibize with long brown- 
ish spines. @ blackish-brown; side of thorax tawny. Legs red- 
dish; ends of knees and tarsi brown. Length 3 to 4 lin. (Lin. 
Ent., i1., 380-86, 1846.) 
B. varipes, Mg. 
& black ; legs black ; black hairs on thorax, pale on abdomen. 
? black; ventral surface yellowish; legs pale ferruginous; wings 
paler thanin g¢. Length 2? to4lin. (L. E., i, 348.) 
B. laniger, Mg. = vernalis, Zett., and /anigerus, Hoffm. 
é black ; tibiz and tarsi ferruginous ; hairs of thorax and abdomen 
pale. @ black; legs ferruginous; wings brownish; stigma pale 
brown. Length 2 to 3 lin. (L. Ei. 353.) 
B. lacteipennis, Zett. ; B. lepidus, Lw. ; and Angtlicus, Ver., are also 
found. 
FAMILY SIMULIDZ., 
This family is nearly related to the Bibionide. ‘There is only 
one genus in the family, and the number of species is not great. 
They are generally called “Sand Flies,” and abound in many 
parts of the world, from Iceland to the tropics of Africa and 
America. They are particularly abundant in northern latitudes of 
Europe, and in North and South America, where they swarm in 
damp and marshy places, and are exceeding voracious; they attack 
human beings just as mosquitoes do, and their mouth parts being 
fully developed they can cause nasty wounds. Not only do they 
attack man and animals, but maggots and caterpillars are subject to 
their depredations, the females sucking out their juices with the 
proboscis. In England we do not suffer much from these flies, but 
in other parts of Europe they are very obnoxious ; Schonbauer * 
gives an account of one, S. co/umboschensis, which is one of the 
greatest scourges to man and beast in the Bannat of Temeswar, in 
Hungary. Fries,t also, describes the molestations of these “sand 
flies” in Lapland. In America they are known as the “ Black Fly.” 
They are also said to live upon honey-dew. They are most restless 
* Gesch. der Shad]. Kolumbatezermucken, Wien, 1795 ; and Kollar’s ‘‘ Treatise 
on Injurious Insects,” p. 68. 
© Ohexvi Entom, (Simudium), Stockh., 1824, Fries. 
