THE CHIRONOMIDA., 191 
habits, many of them appearing in large clouds ; they are all ex- 
tremely delicate creatures, some being quite transparent (7: mont/is). 
The majority have spotted wings. They are mostly very small 
flies, the largest (Z. mebulosus), sometimes reaching 4 lin. The 
larvee are generally found in damp and swampy places, wherever 
Siagnant water abounds (7Z: monilis, maculatus, etc.). I have also 
taken them (7: varius, cudiciformis) from running water (in the Cam, 
which seems to be remarkable for the number of Chironomid and 
Culicid larve present). The two best known are the larve of 
T. maculatus and monilis, which are here described. 7. maculatus: 
The larva of this species, according to De Geer, resembles that 
of the gnat Corethra plumicornis, figured by Réaumur and many 
others since, but is less elongated, head more oval, and the thorax 
having at its base a long pediform bifid tentacle (prolegs), and the 
tip of the abdomen furnished with four minute triangular plates 
(evidently analogous to the four branchial appendages of C. plumo- 
sus), which have two long pediform appendages beneath and two 
above, the latter more slender and with long terminal hairs. It has 
ten claw-like legs, four anterior ones pointing towards the head, and 
are distant from each other, upon the fourth and fifth segments of 
the body; and six posterior ones, which point towards the anus, 
very close together, placed upon the eighth, ninth and tenth segments. 
In the thorax may be noticed a pair of oval, opaque bodies, which 
are supposed to be air-reservoirs ; these, when the larva assumes the 
pupal stage, appear to become external and placed on the back, and 
resemble the respiratory horns of other aquatic pupz. The pupa is 
like that of Cz/ex, but with broader, oval, thoracic appendages, and 
small anal plates. Z: monilis: The larvze of this species are found 
in swampy places, wherever stagnant water is found. They are 
very small creatures, no thicker than a hair, and nearly a quarter 
of an inch long. There are two feet in front, armed with a circlet 
of movable claws ; these feet are retractile. The posterior pair of legs 
are placed at the anal end of the body, somewhat larger than the 
fore-legs ; they are not retractile, however. They swim with a curious 
serpent-like motion, and may also be seen crawling upon the aquatic 
weeds. 
Characters of the Genus Tanypus. 
Body elongated and pubescent. Eyes separate in both sexes. 
Palpi 4-jointed, curved ; first joint shorter than the second, second 
shorter than the third, fourth nearly as long as the second and third. 
Antenne 14-jointed, filiform, seated in a notch in the eyes ; plumose 
