196 AN ACCOUNT OF BRITISH FLIES. 
with nacreous gloss, shorter than the thorax, dilated backwards ; - 
segments linear-transverse. Hypopygium as long as the abdomen, 
and thicker ; lateral arms massive, oblong, with a smaller malleoli- 
form piece articulated to the end; below them an oblong plate, 
Fic. 40.—Clunio marinus. 
rounded at the tip. Legs of moderate length, fore pair distorted at 
the base; coxze ferruginous ; extreme base of tibiz blackish ; tarsi 
shorter than the tibize; anterior pair with the first joint long, the 
following three very short; hind pair with the third joint also 
elongated. 
‘“‘Inhabits the sea coast, amongst the moist gravel bared by the 
ebbing tide ; walks about with wings raised and half-expanded, in 
constant vibration, but without taking flight, as far as observed.” __ 
This curious insect appears in July, and was taken by Haliday in 
Ireland. The other European species is C. adriaticus, Frauenfeld. 
Concerning this species, Frauenfeld says: ‘‘ Bie Triest in submarinen 
Colonien von Mytilus.” 
GENUS.— Ceratopogon, Mg. 
This genus seems”to be at present in a -very chaotic condition, 
although they do not seem nearly so difficult to understand as most 
of the other Chironomid. ‘The classification formed by Winnertz 
is the best we can get, and so it is followed in the present work. 
The flies of this genus are, in common with the other chironomids, 
called “midges.” They appear in great swarms, and the females 
are very troublesome, most of them being blood-suckers, and show- 
ing a decided preference to mankind. The males do not seem 
to be sanguinary in nature. There are some, also, which are car- 
nivorous in nature, living upon smaller insects, which they kill by 
means of their sharp proboscis. The larve of this genus live both 
in water and on land, some (as /azera/is) inhabit manures, others 
are found under the bark of decaying trees (dipunctatus). The trans- 
formation of the latter species has been frequently observed. 
