THE CHIRONOMIDA. 197 
Larva of Ceratopogon.—The larve, which are terrestrial, dwell 
beneath the bark of decaying trees amongst their own “ frass,” 
and in manure. They are cylindrical white grubs with the anterior 
part somewhat enlarged; the head is small and retractile. The 
Fic, 41.—Larva of C. dbipunctatus. 
segments are deeply constricted, and are armed with two dorsal 
sete (dipunctatus) ; others (/ateralis) have no sete, and are furnished 
with pediform appendages on the prothorax and anal segment. 
The pupz are much shorter than the larve, and are broadest in 
Fic. 42.—Pupa of C. d¢pusnctatus. 
front, with two short lateral appendages ; the rudiments of the wings 
and legs are plainly marked ; the abdomen, which tapers to a point, 
is armed on each side with bristles. The pupz of /a¢era/is are pro- 
_ vided with eight long filiform appendages on the back of the thorax. 
Characters of the Genus. 
Body small, pilose or bare. Head depressed in front, produced 
into a short rostrum. Eyes lunate. Proboscis with fleshy labium ; 
labrum horny, seated on upper base of labium. Maxillz long and 
horny. Antenne thirteen jointed, seated on a thick base; first 
eight joints oval, the remainder elliptical, hairy; subcostal vein 
ending much beyond half the length of wing ; radial ending near tip ; 
cubital ending by the tip; subapical simple, sub-anal forked ; anal 
not reaching the border, Abdomen composed of eight segments. 
Legs almost equal in length; femora armed beneath with spines. 
Pl. iv., fig. 8. 
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