ADDITIONAL NOTES. 299 



end till December, or later. It is certain, too, judging from an 

 examination of the testes and ovaries during the breeding-time, 

 that, as in the instance of the salmon, several days are required 

 for the laying of the ova. Further, it is well ascertained, that 

 during the whole of this period, that is, from September till 

 December, many trouts are found either with the ovaries and 

 testes only just visible, or so little developed as not to admit 

 of the conclusion of their spawning till the following season. 

 These fish are commonly not out of condition, like those that 

 are breeding ; and are to be taken, not where the latter most 

 resort to the small streams, the feeders of the lakes and rivers 

 but in the lakes and rivers themselves ; in brief, in their old 

 haunts. This separation of breeders and non-breeders may be 

 viewed as a happy provision of nature for the preservation of 

 the species, inasmuch as the latter feed greedily on the ova of 

 the former, and, were they together, would prove very destruc- 

 ' tive of roe enemies of their own kind, not less than of the 

 nobler salmon in its spawning-bed, as is well insisted on by 

 Mr. Young. Probably, the trout is capable of propagating when 

 two years old, and of attaining, if well fed, a goodly size at that 

 age. J. D. 



(On the Spawning Localities of the Charr, page 70.) 



The author states that "the charr spawns in still, and the 

 trout in running water." By a gentleman, an able naturalist, 

 who has paid great attention to the history of the Salmonida), 

 but without opportunities of making special observations 

 on the breeding of the charr, I have heard it asserted that 

 this statement is erroneous, he maintaining that the charr, like 

 the trout, spawns only in streams. This is a question which 

 must be determined not by analogy but by experience. The 

 information I have been able to collect in the Lake district, 

 where the charr is so common, accords not with his view but 

 with the author's. I have been assured by experienced fisher- 

 men, whose accuracy I cannot doubt, that the ova of this fish 

 have been found on the shallow banks in the lake of Winder- 

 mere, spots where the charr resorts in great numbers during 

 the spawning season. Moreover, that part of the Brathay a 

 river that flows into Windermere another great spawning-place 

 of the charr, well described by Mr. Yarrell, in his " History of 



