152 THE PRACTICAL HORSE KEEPER. 



diet they require to keep them vigorous is hurtful to their con- 

 stitution, and predisposes to disease. On this subject, Reynolds 

 (who is treating specially of heavy draught stallions, but his 

 remarks are applicable to other kinds) states : Entire horses, 

 which have not been forced by strong food, and have been but 

 moderately used up to five years old, remain sound and 

 vigorous to a good old age ; and to a sound, hardy stallion of 

 from seven to fifteen, or even more, years, possessing suitable 

 qualifications, let me commend those breeders who desire good, 

 strong, and healthy foals. 



Mares breed from two years old up to twenty-five, some- 

 times ; but after they are fifteen or sixteen years old their stock 

 is not so good or strong. Though fillies will breed at two years 

 old, yet this is rather early. Three or four is better, as they 

 are then more developed and robust. 



When mares have not been tried until they are advanced in 

 years, and especially if they have been accustomed to high 

 feeding, they often prove sterile ; or if they do breed, parturi- 

 tion is frequently difficult. 



Next to age, as favouring breeding, is the condition of the 

 parents, and particularly the mare. Obesity is unfavourable, 

 as well as emaciation. Robust health, ensured by good food 

 and exercise or moderate labour, is conducive to this end. 

 Mares doing regular work or at pasture, are much more likely 

 to prove in foal, than those which are kept in stables, pam- 

 pered, and little worked. The stallion should also be in good 

 hard condition. 



The number of mares a stallion should serve in the course 

 of a season will much depend upon circumstances, but it is 

 often controlled by his age and value. In many cases he is 

 overdone and prematurely worn-out. A fair proportion of mares 

 per season is given as from fifty to seventy. 



During the season, the stallion must be well fed, but not 

 fattened ; the amount of food will depend on circumstances, 



