4 6 PURE CULTURES OF 



of the first cylinder, and like the latter its open end dips 

 into a vessel of water o. In the case of the wort cylinder it 

 is very important that the bore of the tube n, and of its cock, 

 should not be too small, in order that they may not become 

 choked by hops or other matter ; a suitable diameter for the 

 tube is i * 3 cm. Around the upper portion of the cylinder, 

 a little below the top, there is a pipe in the form of a ring /, 

 the inner side of which is provided with small perforations. 

 One end of this pipe is closed and the other is connected 

 with a cold-water tap. In addition to the cocks on the 

 connecting pipe k between the two cylinders, the wort 

 cylinder has three others ^, r, s. The cock s is for the 

 introduction of the wort, and is put in connection with the 

 wort main u between the copper and the cooler. The cylinder 

 stands in a shallow tray provided with an outlet t for the 

 water which flows over the sides of the cylinder, whilst the 

 latter is being cooled. The dotted lines at t show the bars 

 on which the cylinder rests, and also the ring-like portion 

 and bottom of the cylinder. 



When, at the beginning of 1886, the apparatus was about 

 to be introduced in New Carlsberg, some modifications were 

 made in connection with the fermenting cylinder, for owing 

 to its being placed in a room above ground it was subject to 

 appreciable changes in temperature, and especially during 

 the summer to too high a temperature. The necessary 

 modifications were made in an excellent and very practical 

 manner by the chief inspector, Mr. Henningsen. The main 

 point was to arrange the fermenting cylinder in such a 

 manner that the temperature of the liquid contained in it 

 could always be controlled, and that it could be lowered 

 when desired. This is done by means of the jacket, shown 

 in Fig. 10, C, which surrounds not only the sides but also the 

 bottom of the cylinder; the bottom of the jacket is fixed 

 with screws and can without much difficulty be removed 

 when it requires cleaning. For the introduction of a thermo- 



