62 PURE CULTURES OF 



with a cock T. R is a small vessel containing water into which 

 the ends of the bent tubes dip. 



Fig. 14 shows the two cylinders in perspective, and requires 

 no further explanation. 



When the apparatus has been sterilised, the wort is intro- 

 duced into the cylinder (Fig. 13) B, and if necessary it is then 

 heated bypassing steam through the steam-jacket. After the 

 wort has been sufficiently aerated and then cooled, the pure 

 yeast is introduced into the upper cylinder A through the tube 

 a. In order to wash down the whole of the yeast, a little wort 

 is forced by means of compressed air from B into A, and 

 when the whole of the yeast has been brought into B, the 

 cock G is closed. When a vigorous fermentation has set in 

 the liquid is stirred up and a portion is forced up into A 

 to be used for the next fermentation in B ; the rest is with- 

 drawn and used as pitching yeast. In this method the 

 fermentation is not allowed to go so far that the greater part 

 of the yeast becomes deposited as a firm sediment, and the 

 same cylinder B is used alternately as fermenting and wort 

 cylinder. When used for the latter purpose the yeast is, as 

 stated, in the upper cylinder A. That the operations men- 

 tioned can be carried out during the different stages of 

 the fermentation is evident, and likewise that it is possible 

 to modify the manner of using the apparatus in several ways. 



In the above, only one method has been described, which, 

 however, as the apparatus is constructed, may certainly be 

 regarded as practical in most cases. 



With regard to the employment of the apparatus, the 

 reader is referred for further particulars to the directions 

 given on pp. 49-58, and especially all that was stated with 

 regard to the filtration of the air, the sterilisation of the 

 cylinder, and the aeration and cooling of the wort fully 

 applies also to the new apparatus. 



For high fermentation, Kokosinski, Wilson and Jensen, 

 have introduced some slight modifications in the Old Carls- 



