216 "DISEASES 11 OF BEER, 



in nature. My investigations not only proved that this fungus 

 occurs on ripe, sweet, succulent fruits, but, what is more impor- 

 tant, they also showed that these fruits form its normal habitat. 

 As the fruits increase in the garden, numerous generations of 

 the cells of this fungus are produced, and they then become 

 more and more abundant in the dust particles of the atmo- 

 sphere. Sacch. apiculatus is regularly observed first on the 

 sweet succulent fruits which ripen earliest, and afterwards on 

 those which ripen later. In the Carlsberg garden it is found, 

 at the commencement of the season, on the strawberries, 

 gooseberries and cherries ; and, at the end of the season, on 

 the plums and grapes. It is carried to the soil by rain and 

 falling fruit. On dry days it is again borne into the air with 

 the dust, and the cells, which settle upon the fruits named and 

 gain access to their juice, are enabled to bud and produce new 

 generations. All this may be repeated several times in the 

 course of the summer, so that Sacch. apiciilatus passes alter- 

 nately from the fruit to the soil and vice versa. It passes the 

 winter in the soil in order to recommence the same migrations 

 in the following summer. It cannot leave its winter habitat 

 spontaneously but requires assistance : in dry seasons the wind 

 carries it into the air with the dust ; the rain may also splash 

 its cells on to low plants, such as the strawberry plant ; 

 likewise insects and other animals may take part in their 

 transference. When the cells are brought into contact with 

 nourishment they commence budding ; otherwise they soon 

 dry and perish. 



In a small communication, which I published in 1882 in 

 the Danish journal, 'Tidsskrift for populaere Fremstillinger 

 af Naturvidenskaben,' I described the results of some experi- 

 ments on the part played by bees, wasps and flies in dissemi- 

 nating the small yeast fungus. I pointed out that at the time 

 when fruit is ripe Sacch. apiculatus is carried, especially by 

 the agency of these insects, to places widely distant from those 

 where it originally multiplied. When these insects come into 



