PURE YEAST CULTURE. 269 



technologists of repute not only shrugged their shoulders, 

 but which they openly and energetically attacked, and thus 

 caused brewers to turn away from this innovation ; more 

 than this, failures which with a more intimate knowledge 

 might easily have been shown to be immaterial, and due to 

 other causes, were brought forward as arguments against 

 selected pure yeast. Only the consciousness of being able 

 to hold out a prospect of success to brewers, enabled the 

 writer under these circumstances to continue to work un- 

 shaken for the good cause ; and not without great exertion 

 has the desired end been finally accomplished." 



Whilst Aubry directs attention to the struggle against 

 which the reform had to contend, Jorgensen, in his book 

 quoted above, on the other hand, refers to the favourable 

 reception which my investigations gradually gained. In fact, 

 my cause has, up to the present time, experienced very 

 different vicissitudes of fate, but, although strongly opposed, 

 it has yet always advanced. Especially at the beginning it 

 met with strong opposition, but eminent colleagues helped 

 me to overcome this. I have elsewhere expressed, and I 

 here repeat, my sincere gratitude for this support. 



After the advance which the system of pure yeast culture 

 has now made, it is scarcely too bold to assume that, within a 

 generation, the progress will be such that the difficulties which 

 my efforts at first encountered will be scarcely intelligible. 

 The whole matter will then be regarded as self-evident, as 

 has been the case for centuries with regard to the cultivation 

 of the higher plants in horticulture and agriculture. The 

 principle, in fact, is the same, and it is only the methods the 

 technique which are different. The young science of micro- 

 organisms is a development of the older biological science of 

 the higher organisms. Many of the problems of micro- 

 biology, which have only recently been taken in hand, were 

 long ago thoroughly treated in the doctrine of the higher 

 plants. 



