CONTENTS. XX111 



PAGE 



Apparatus for roasting the pale brown sodium acetate, illustrated and 

 described ; Crystallizing vessels, illustrated and described . . 244 



Mollerat's method of preparing sodium acetate 245 



Acids, besides acetic acid, which occur in wood- vinegar according to 

 Barr6 246 



Vincent's method of decomposing the mother-lye ; Manner of obtaining 

 wood-spirit (methyl alcohol) ; Composition of crude wood-spirit; 

 Processes which take place in digesting crude wood-spirit with slaked 

 lime ............ 247 



Apparatus for distilling the digested mixture, illustrated and described 248 



Further purification of wood-spirit; Purification of wood-spirit on a 

 small scale ; Examination of commercial wood-spirit . . . 249 



Yield of charcoal, wood-vinegar, and wood-spirit as well as of tar; 

 Stoltze's experiments on the products obtained from the distillation 

 of several varieties of wood . . . . . . . .250 



Percentage of acetic anhydride which, according to Gillot, can be ob- 

 tained from hard wood . . . . . . . . .251 



Results obtained by Assmus in manufacturing on a large scale ; Rothe's 

 experience in obtaining acetic acid and other products from birch ; 

 Yield of salable methyl alcohol according to Vincent ; Description 

 of Halliday's apparatus 252 



Wood-vinegar from saw-dust ........ 253 



CHAPTER XXII. 



PREPARATION OF PURE CONCENTRATED ACETIC ACID. 



Percentage of acetic acid in the strongest vinegar which can be pre- 

 pared by the process of fermentation 253 



Advisability of increasing the strength of vinegar from alcohol by the 

 addition of concentrated acetic acid from wood ; Detection of empy- 

 reumatic substances in acetic acid from wood ; Acetic acid from wood 

 for the preservation of fruit, cucumbers, etc. ... . 254 



Manner of obtaining acetic acid from strong vinegar; Stein's method 

 of increasing the boiling point of vinegar 255 



Preparation of acetic acid from commercial acetates and from those ob- 

 tained from wood- vinegar ; Former method of obtaining glacial acetic 

 acid ; Principal acetates now used for the preparation of acetic acid ; 

 Preparation of acetic acid from normal lead acetate (sugar of lead) . 256 



Bucholz's direction for the preparation of acetic acid from lead acetate ; 

 Preparation of acetic acid without distillation 257 



Decomposition of lead acetate by nitric acid ; Calcium acetate and so- 

 dium acetate the basis for the preparation of acetic acid on a large 

 scale ; Volckel's method of preparing acetic acid from calcium ace- 

 tate . . . 258 



