CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



Formation and properties of pectic acid ; Formation and properties of 

 metupectic aeid ..... 302 



Definition of the term isomeric ; Development and ripening of a fruit 

 viewed as chemical process 303 



Results of chemical researches into the changes which fruits undergo 

 during their development and perfection ..... 304 



Stages which a fruit passes through during development and ripening . 305 



CHAPTER XXV. 



FRUITS AND THEIR COMPOSITION. 



Fruits used for the preparation of fruit-wines ; Compilation from 

 Fresenius giving the average percentage of sugar in different varie- 

 ties of fruit 306 



Compilation according to average percentage of free acid ; Compilation 

 according to the proportion between acid, sugar, pectine, gum, etc. ; 

 Compilation according to the proportion between water, soluble, and 

 insoluble substances . . . . . . . . .307 



Composition of the juice according to its content of sugar, pectine, etc. ; 

 Content of free acid in 100 parts of juice ..... 308 



Grape-sugar or glucose ; Acids; Albuminous substances . . . 309 

 Pectous substances ; Gum and vegetable mucilage . . . .310 



Tannin; Difference between pathological and physical tannin . .311 

 Inorganic constituents ; Fermentation ...... 312 



Chief products of vinous fermentation ; Properties of absolute alcohol; 



Succinic acid . . . . . . . . . .313 



Glycerin; Carbonic acid . . . . . . . . .314 



Quantity of carbonic acid developed during fermentation ; Alkaloid in 

 wine . 315 



CHAPTER XXVI. 



PRACTICE OF THE PREPARATION OF CIDER AND FRUIT-WINES. 



Manner of gaining the juice or must from the fruit; Mr. W. O. Hic- 



kock's portable cider mill . . . . ( t gig 



Apparatus for crushing apples, illustrated and described ; Davis's star 



apple grinder, illustrated and described 317 



Presses; Manner of obtaining the juice from berries, etc. ; Manner of 



obtaining the juice from apple-pomace, etc 318 



44 Farmer's cider press," illustrated and described; "Extra power 



cider press," illustrated and described ... 319 



Revolving platform of the " extra power cider press," illustrated and 



described ., 9n 



. O & \J 



Ferguson's improved racks 321 



