CONTENTS. XXIX 



PART III. 



CANNING AND EVAPORATING OF FRUIT, MANUFACTURE 

 OF CATCHUPS, FRUIT BUTTERS, MARMALADES, JEL- 

 LIES, PICKLES, AND MUSTARDS. 



CHAPTER XXIX. 



PRESERVATION OF FRUIT. 



PAGE 



Rules applying to all methods of preserving fruit . . . .371 



French method of preserving fruit, known as au Baine-Marie ; Preser- 

 vation of the flesh of the fruit without boiling ..... 372 



Preparation of fruit for preserving ; Preservation of fine table pears ; 

 Boiling down of fruit in large stoneware pots . . . . .373 



Preserving in air-tight cans ; National importance of this method for 

 the United States and England ; Groups of canned articles embraced 

 in the American trade lists . . . . . . . .374 



Difficulties in canning plums and cherries ; Fruits suitable and unsuit- 

 able for canning; Selection of the fruits for canning . . .375 



List of varieties of fruit preferred by the North American factories for 

 canning ; Preference of the California packers for the Bartlett pear ; 

 Various styles of cans and jars 376 



Complaint against the use of tin cans ; The soldering of tin cans inside 

 prohibited in England ; Manner of coating and lining the inside of tin 

 cans to protect the contents from contact with the metal . . .377 



Manufacture of tin cans in the United States canneries; Division of 

 labor in the canneries ; Preparation of the syrup . . . .378 



Apparatus for the expulsion of air by heating the cans ; Cleansing and 

 testing the cans . . . . . . . . . .379 



Mode of heating the cans in boiling water ; Canning of tomatoes . 380 



Selection of a site for the canning establishment ; How contracts for a 

 supply of tomatoes are made ; Arrangement of a canning factory . 381 



Scalding the tomatoes; Skinning the tomatoes ; Machines for filling the 

 cans 382 



" Cappers" and their work ; Labelling the cans .... 383 



Trials and vexations of a canner's life ; Principal market for canned 

 tomatoes 384 



Catchups ; Tomato catchup 385 



Walnut catchup ; Cucumber catchup ; Horseradish catchup . . 387 



Currant catchup ; Gooseberry catchup ; Fruit-butter, marmalade, and 

 jelly; Fruit-butter; Manufacture of apple-butter .... 388 



Preparation of raising ; Manner of packing fruit-butter . . . 389 



