CONTENTS. xiii 



PAGE 



Arrangement for regulating the influx of air from below, with illustra- 

 tion 60 



Modification of the disk, with illustration ; The tilting trough, with 

 illustrations . . . . . . . . . . .61 



Arrangement and manner of working of the tilting trough ; The sparger 

 described and illustrated . . . . . . . .62 



The principal requisite of the correct working of the sparger, with illus- 

 tration ; Difficulties overcome by the use of the sparger ... 64 



A thermometer an indispensable adjunct to a generator; Manner of 

 locating the thermometer ; Filling of the generators ; Materials used 

 for filling the generators ; Advantages of beechwood shavings . 65 



Preparation of beech shavings ; Volume represented by a shaving in a 

 rolled state ; Space required for each shaving ; Size of the space to 

 be filled with shavings in a generator ; Number of shavings required 

 to fill this space ; Surface of shavings active in the formation of vine- 

 gar ; Steaming of the shavings ' 66 



Drying of the shavings ; Swelling of the shavings . . . .67 



Manner of placing the shavings in the generators ; Advantage of hav- 

 ing all the generators of the same size 68 



CHAPTER VII. 



ARRANGEMENT OF A VINEGAR FACTORY. 



Unsuitableness of the arrangement of the manufacturing rooms formerly 

 customary ; The principal requisites for a suitable arrangement of the 

 factory 68 



Arrangement of the walls, windows, doors, and floor of the factory ; 

 Height of the workroom : Heating of the workroom ; The best 

 arrangement where stoves are used ; Heating apparatus for large 

 factories described and illustrated . . . . . . .69 



Necessity for thermometers in the workroom ; The maximum electrical 

 thermometer described and illustrated ...... 71 



The minimum electrical thermometer ; Location of the reservoirs in 

 a factory arranged according to the automatic system . . .72 



CHAPTER VIII. 



ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION OF THE VINEGAR GENERATORS. 



The English process of sucking a current of air from above to below 

 through every generator, with illustrations ; Incorrectness of this * 

 process . 73 



The principal reason advanced for the use of a current of air from above 

 to below ... 74 



