yi PREFACE. 



of a change of air corresponding to the chemical processes, play 

 an important role in the manufacture of vinegar, the section re- 

 lating to this subject has been very fully treated. 



To the manufacture of wine-vinegar a space corresponding to 

 the importance of the subject has been devoted. Wine-vinegar 

 is undoubtedly the most valuable product of the vinegar industry, 

 and its fabrication might be made specially advantageous in this 

 country, since in California and other States a vast amount of 

 material could thus be profitably utilized, which otherwise would 

 go to waste. On account of its great interest considerable space 

 has been devoted to the manufacture of acetic acid from wood, 

 and of acetates, especially those which are used for technical 

 purposes. 



As regards the manufacture of cider and fruit-wines, the 

 preservation of fruit, etc., much time and care have been devoted 

 to the gathering of information from all available and widely- 

 scattered sources in order to do justice to the great and constantly 

 growing fruit industry of this country. Special attention has 

 been paid to evaporation, since this process is likely to supersede 

 all other modes of drying fruit. 



The volume is divided into three parts, upon each of which a 

 few observations are offered. 



Part I. treats of the Manufacture of Vinegar. It is chiefly 

 based upon the German works, Die Schnell-Essig Fabrication 

 und die Fabrication von Weine&dg, by Dr. Josef Bersch, and 

 Lehrbuch der Essigfabrikation, by Dr. Paul Bronner. Both are 

 works of acknowledged authority, in which the authors have 

 brought together the results of their experience of many years. 



