110 VINEGAR, CIDER, AND FRUIT-WINES. 



In many factories it is customary not to determine the compo- 

 sition of the alcoholic liquid by calculation, but simply to work 

 according to certain receipts. Vinegar of a certain percentage is 

 obtained, but its strength cannot be predetermined with the same 

 nicety as by calculating the percentage of alcohol in the alcoholic 

 liquid by the above formula, The following may serve as ex- 

 amples of such receipts : 



D. Alcohol of 50 per cent. Tr. 100 quarts, water 600, 

 vinegar 900. 



E. Alcohol of 90 per cent. Tr. 100 quarts, water 1200, 

 vinegar 300. 



F. Alcohol of 90 per cent. Tr. 100 quarts, water 1350, 

 vinegar 175, beer 175. 



G. Alcohol of 90 per cent. Tr. 100 quarts, water 1400, 

 vinegar 300, beer 100. 



H. Alcohol of 80 per cent, Tr. 100 quarts, water 850, 

 beer 750. 



I. Alcohol of 50 per cent, Tr. 100 quarts, water 100, beer 

 100. 



The mixtures A, B, and C are only given as examples of how 

 alcoholic liquids which yield vinegar containing the desired per- 

 centage of acetic acid are prepared according to receipts. Though 

 it may be very convenient for the manufacturer to work according 

 to such receipts as are given under D to I, their use without a 

 previous examination cannot be recommended. It is far better 

 for the manufacturer to prepare the alcoholic liquid according to 

 a receipt of his own and not shrink from the slight labor it in- 

 volves ; he has then at least the assurance of obtaining vinegar 

 with exactly the percentage of acetic acid desired, and is in the 

 position to obtain an accurate view of the entire process of the 

 operation. 



Spirits of wine being the initial point in the preparation of 

 alcoholic liquid, it is necessary to know exactly the per cent, by 

 weight of alcohol it contains. With the assistance of the tables 

 at the end of this volume, the content of alcohol in spirits of wine 

 can be readily determined by means of the alcoholometer and 

 thermometer. 



With the temperature of the spirits of wine at exactly 59 F., 



