116 VINEGAR, CIDER, AXD FRUIT- WINES. 



quarts) of 100 per cent, alcohol have to be reduced with water, 

 so that, according to Table I., the fluid shows a specific gravity 

 of 0.9858 at 59 F. According to Table III., 8.98 liters (9.48 

 quarts) of water have to be added to every liter (1.05 quart) of 

 100 per cent, alcohol to obtain spirits of wine of 8.8 per cent, 

 by weight; hence 3 liters (3.16 quarts) have to be compounded 

 with 26.94 liters (28.46 quarts) of water (according to Table 

 III., alcohol with 90 per cent, by volume of alcohol contains 

 11.80 per cent, by volume of water, 80 per cent, alcohol 22.83, 

 etc., which has to be taken into consideration in making the 

 dilution). 



According to Table III., the contraction in this case amounts 

 to 0.799 part by volume for every 100 parts by volume of the 

 fluid. Hence the 3 liters (3.16 quarts) of 100 per cent, alcohol 

 yield, when diluted to spirits of wine of 8.8 per cent, by weight, 

 26.94 + 3=29.94 liters (31.62 quarts) of fluid. Actually the 

 quantity is somewhat smaller, as in mixing alcohol with water a 

 decrease in volume takes place. If the alcoholic liquid is to con- 

 tain 10 per cent, each of vinegar and beer, the quantity of fluid is 

 as follows : 



Dilute spirits of wine . . . 29.94 liters (31.62 quarts) 

 Vinegar with 8 per cent, acetic acid 2.994 " ( 3. 162 " ) 

 Beer 2.994 " ( 3.162 " ) 



35.928 " (37.944 " ) 



Hence the quantity to be worked in a generator in the course 

 of a day amounts to 35.928 liters (37.944 quarts), or taking into 

 account the alcohol (about 90 grammes or 3.17 ozs.) contained in 

 the beer, to about 36 liters (38 quarts). And this quantity has 

 in a corresponding manner to be divided among the separate 

 affusions, so that in a working time of 1 5 hours an affusion of 

 2.4 liters (2.53 quarts) would have to be made every hour. How- 

 ever, by this method, too much alcohol would be lost by evapora- 

 tion, on the one hand, and, on the other, the generators would work 

 comparatively slowly, since it is well known that the conversion into 

 acetic acid is effected with greater rapidity when the alcoholic 

 liquid contains less alcohol. Hence it is recommended to use in 

 the commencement a fluid which contains only about one-half or 

 two-thirds of the total quantity of alcohol and to add a corre- 



