PREPARATION OF CIDER AND FRUIT-WINES. 



317 



apple-grinders, many of which possess excellent points and are 

 worthy of commendation. An excellent apparatus for crushing 

 apples is the crushing-mill shown in Figs. 66 and 67, B C (Fig. 

 67) representing the cylinders provided with teeth. A hopper, A, 

 receives the apples, which pass between the cylinders, where they 

 are crushed and fall into the receiver F placed underneath. Two 



Fig. 66. 



Fig. 67. 



men operate this mill by means of cranks. Larger and stronger 

 mills are used when the quality of apples seems to require them, 

 and in that case horse-power is applied. 



Fig. 68 shows Davis's star apple-grinder, several sizes of which 

 are manufactured by the G. H. Bushnell Co., of Thompsonville, 

 Conn. The grinder shown in the illustration is a heavy machine 

 weighing 340 Ibs. The cylinder is 12 inches in diameter and 12 

 inches long, is turned and carefully balanced, has grooves planed 

 in to receive the knives, six in number, which are finely made 

 and tempered. Each knife furnished is made of steel-plated iron, 

 the steel being very thin and having a back of iron ; there is no 

 danger of breaking, although made very hard. The end of the 

 cylinder is banded with wrought-iron bands and the knives are 

 set with set-screws. The shaft is of steel and runs in anti-friction 

 metal. The concaves are hung at top, so they can swing back at the 

 bottom to allow stone, pieces of iron, etc. to pass through without 

 injuring the knives. The concaves are held to their place by a 



