CIDER FROM APPLES AND PEARS. 331 



Of these samples the first four had undergone a good fermen- 

 tation. They furnish the following average composition for the 

 principal constituents : 



Alcohol, per cent, by volume ..... 5.2 



Extract, per liter, at 212 F 41.18 



Sugar 8.90 



Asli 2.87 



The other four samples were partially unferrnented, or sweet, 

 ciders. Their average composition was as follows : 



Alcohol, per cent, by volume ..... 1.70 



Extract, per liter, at 212 F 66.98 



Ash 2.56 



From these means the municipal laboratory deduces the fol- 

 lowing as a type of composition for pure ciders : 



Alcohol, per cent, by volume 

 Extract, per liter, at 212 F. 



A ~1. 



. 5.66 

 . 30.00 

 Ash . 2.80 



Recent analyses of pure ciders, from different parts of France, 

 published by M. G. Lechtartier, have shown great variations 

 from this type, and show the necessity for the examination of 

 large numbers of samples from various parts of the country for 

 the establishment of a proper standard of analysis. 



Analyses of ciders by the United States Agricultural Department. 

 The samples for the investigation were purchased in the city in 

 the same manner as samples of wine and beer : 



