PRESERVATION OF FRUIT. 395 



pied as a saw-mill, the slabs furnishing fuel for the boiler furnace 

 connected with the evaporating department. Just above the mill, 

 along the bank of the pond and with one end projecting over the 

 water, are arranged eight large bins holding from 500 to 1000 

 bushels each, into which the apples are delivered from the teams. 

 The floor in each of these has a sharp pitch or inclination towards 

 the water, and at the lower end is a gate through which the fruit 

 is discharged, when wanted, into a large trough half submerged 

 in the pond. 



Upon hoisting a gate in the lower end of this trough consider- 

 able current is caused, and the water carries the fruit a distance 

 of from 30 to 100 feet, and passes into the basement of the mill, 

 where, tumbling down a four-foot perpendicular fall into a tank, 

 tight , in its lower half and slatted, so as to permit the escape of 

 water and impurities, in the upper half, the apples are thoroughly 

 cleansed from all earthy or extraneous matter. Such is the fric- 

 tion caused by the concussion of the fall, the rolling and rubbing 

 of the apples together, and the pouring of the water, that decayed 

 sections of the fruit are ground off and the rotten pulp passes 

 away with other impurities. From this tank the apples are 

 hoisted upon an endless chain elevator, with buckets in the form 

 of a rake-head with iron teeth, permitting drainage and escape of 

 water, to an upper story of the mill, whence by gravity they de- 

 scend to the grater. The press is wholly of iron ; all its motion, 

 even to the turning of the screws, being actuated by the water- 

 power. 



The cheese is built up with layers inclosed in strong cotton 

 cloth, which displaces the straw used in olden times and serves 

 also to strain the juice. As it is expressed from the press tank 

 the juice passes to a storage tank and thence to the defecator. 

 This defecator is a copper pan 11 feet long and about 3 feet wide. 

 At each end of this pan is placed a copper tube 3 inches in diam- 

 eter and closed at both ends. Lying between and connecting 

 these two are twelve tubes also of copper, 1J inch in diameter, 

 penetrating the larger tubes at equal distances from their upper 

 and under .surfaces ; the smaller being parallel with each other, 

 and 1J inch apart. When placed in position the larger tubes, 

 which act as manifolds, supplying the smaller with steam, rest 



