12 SUBSOIL AND DRAINAGE. 



a large extent of foliage, and become vigorous plants as 

 compared with those confined to a short rafter; and the 

 roof presents an angle of about 35 to the sun a very 

 suitable one for a vinery; while the length of the rafter 

 will be about 19 feet. If the roof is constructed of 

 sashes and rafters, the sashes should be at least 5 feet 

 wide, so as to afford space enough for training one vine- 

 rod up under each rafter, and one in the centre of each 

 sash : if all of astragals, as is sometimes the case, the 

 rods may be regulated as to distance from each other at 

 pleasure. The wires to which the vines are tied should 

 not be nearer the glass than 16 inches, and should run 

 at right angles with the rafters. When they are too 

 close to the glass, as is often the case, the leaves come in 

 contact with it, when they get killed, by being, as some 

 say, scorched, but in reality frozen. These wires should 

 be within 10 or 12 inches of each other. There is no 

 pathway so suitable, either for a vinery or peach-house, 

 as iron grating. In a house of the dimensions I have 

 here indicated, and where grapes are to be ripe in April, 

 there should not be less than 300 feet of 4 -inch pipe 

 for surface or atmospheric heat, in addition to which 

 there should be a steaming-tray, which gives off fully 

 as much heat itself as one row of pipe. The front 

 and ends of the house should rest either on pillars 

 or arches, so as to give the roots free access to the 

 outside as well as inside border. 



SUBSOIL AND DRAINAGE. 



Where the entire border is heated by hot-water pipes 

 covered with Caithness pavement, as shown in fig. 1, 



