70 THE MODERN MILK PROBLEM 



its aim primarily by means of inspection, the results 

 being checked up by bacteriological examinations of 

 the product. A later development was the tuberculin 

 test, which will be discussed further on in this chapter. 

 Many of those who held the clean milk ideal opposed 

 pasteurization as an undesirable palliative and relied 

 on the above means for keeping infection out of milk 

 so that the protective process of pasteurization would 

 not be necessary. 



In practice this ideal has been well developed by 

 Richmond, Va., Seattle, Wash., Portand, Ore., and 

 Montclair, N. J., in which last community vigilant 

 supervision of the milk supply was begun with a re- 

 organization of the health department which -took 

 place shortly after the establishment, in the same 

 State, of the first certified milk supply. That this 

 reorganization came about as the reaction to a severe 

 epidemic of typhoid fever is an indication of the kind 

 of stimulus sometimes necessary to arouse a com- 

 munity to sanitary reform. 



THE SCORE-CARD METHOD OF INSPECTION 



The development of dairy inspection and the ten- 

 dency to standardize its methods led to the devising of 

 the dairy score card, which deals with itemized condi- 

 tions each of which is given a mathematical rating, the 

 total number of points for a perfect dairy being 100.* 



* What appears to have been the earliest dairy score card was intro- 

 duced and used by Dr. Wm. C. Woodward, Health Officer of the Dis- 

 trict of Columbia, in 1904. Since that time a number of different cards 

 have been devised and put in use, and the idea has been extended to 

 the rating of milk plants and stores handling milk and to other purposes. 



