THE ECONOMIC FACTORS 125 



customers. They must be tested for tuberculosis, and, if 

 they develop it, he must kill them or have them killed. The 

 milkman's stables have been proved, in some cases of careless 

 dairymen, to be foci of disease, especially typhoid and con- 

 sumption. Therefore, he must submit to sanitary regulation 

 and examinations that the public may be assured of pure 

 milk, for disease germs increase rapidly in milk. Where 

 the product is not pure it is one of the most dangerous of 

 foods, as pure milk is one of the best possible. 



Not only must his milk vessels be scrupulously clean, but 

 there is considerable labor and expense involved in making 

 absolutely clean the bottles in which he delivers the milk. 

 He must be watchful . . . that his help may not be possible 

 " typhoid carriers," or otherwise liable to pass disease germs 

 into the milk from their hands . . . ; his cows must also 

 be clean before they are milked. All this that his customers 

 may have pure, clean, wholesome milk. 



All of this means a greater expense than was ever dreamed 

 of by the milkman of old, who drove up to your door and 

 ladled out a pint or a quart of milk from a big can into the 

 can or kettle you presented to him for your daily serving. 

 Yet we have given here only an incomplete skeleton of the 

 modern dairyman's extraordinary expenses. 



His ordinary expenses are greater, because the cost of feed 

 is so much higher than it was a score, or even a decade, of 

 years ago. Nor will the health authorities allow him to keep 

 his herd in such a cheap barn as that in which the 10-cents-a- 

 quart * milkman often kept his cowsdark, ill-ventilated, 

 perhaps rarely cleaned. 



He is not only entitled to some return on the capital in- 

 vested in his milk-producing machines and his tools, but also 

 to day wages as a workman. No matter how much help he 

 may have, he must, if he would have his business thrive, 



* Milk is more expensive in the South than elsewhere. J. S. M. 



