APPENDIX B 191 



departments shall be adequately equipped with men, money, 

 and laboratory facilities. The commission is of the opinion 

 that satisfactory results cannot be expected from laws when 

 there is not sufficient appropriation, and when there is no 

 machinery for their enforcement. A survey of the money 

 appropriated for milk control shows that in the majority of 

 municipalities this is entirely insufficient for public needs. 

 The key to the solution of the problem of the proper use 

 of grade labels is the laboratory. The establishment and 

 operation of an efficient milk testing laboratory is commonly 

 supposed to be an item of great expense. This, however, 

 the commission is convinced, is a mistake, since there are 

 numerous laboratories scattered all over the land not only 

 private, but public, which are inexpensive and operated at 

 low cost. By efficiency methods a large number of tests can 

 be made at a very low cost. Even small communities can 

 afford to maintain and operate such laboratories. Where 

 for any reason it is not possible to do this, it has proven to be 

 practicable for one community to enter into laboratory 

 arrangements with another, and even several can combine 

 in the use of a common laboratory. 



GRADING OF MILK 



There is no escape from the conclusion that milk on the 

 market must be graded just as other commodities such as 

 wheat, grain, beef, etc., are graded. The milk merchant 

 must judge not only of the food value but also of the sanitary 

 characteristics of the commodity in which he deals. . . . The 

 high-grade product, fresh and cold, will cost more to buy 

 from the producer, and should sell for more to the consumer 

 than does the low-grade product. The commission's most 

 important work has been the attempt to separate milk into 

 grades and classes. The commission has endeavored to make 

 its grading system as simple as possible, and at the same time 



