222 APPENDIX D 



plant, railroad transportation, and city plant expense." * 

 We have elsewhere (pp. 139-40) discussed this important 

 item and its possible reduction. 



The cost of the important sanitary item of pasteurization 

 has been determined for certain city milk plants as (aver- 

 age) .313c. per gallon of milk (range, .229-.43G) and .634c. 

 per gallon of cream (range, .378-.939).f The "holding" 

 method, which sanitary efficiency requires, was found to be 

 more economical in use of heat than the " flash" method. 

 In Chicago the cost of pasteurizing milk was found to range 

 from one-thirtieth of a cent per gallon for large plants to 

 .85c. per gallon for one small plant. J 



(Some details and unit costs of milk plant operations are 

 taken up in the circular letters to city milk dealers pub- 

 lished by the Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, 

 United States Department of Agriculture.) 



THE EXTRA COST OF PRODUCING CLEAN MILK 



Little attention has, until recently, been paid to the cost 

 of the sanitary factors in milk production, but, in view of 

 the past non-recognition of the relative values of these fac- 

 tors, the deficiency is not serious. Whitaker, of the United 

 States Department of Agriculture, in 1909 estimated the 

 additional cost of complying with certain important items 

 of the Department's dairy score card, and concluded that 

 "a reasonably clean milk is worth 2 cents more than common 

 slovenly milk. The former is safer and therefore cheaper at 



*The average price received by the dealer for milk delivered to 

 family trade was 9c. per quart and to retail stores 6c. to 8c. 



t Bowen, John T., " The cost of pasteurizing milk and cream," U. S. 

 Dept. Agric. Bull. 85, 1914. 



| Rpt. of Senate committee of the 46th General Assembly to in- 

 vestigate the tuberculin test and the pasteurization of milk and its 

 products (as quoted by E. O. Jordan, Trans. XV Internal. Congress on 

 Hyg. and Demography, 1912, vol. IV, p. 637). 



