APPENDIX E 233 



tion of milk in four market grades, all of which, except the 

 highest, must be pasteurized at the central milk depot. The 

 lowest of these graces is ultimately to be dropped. The 

 question of distribution is discussed and it is proposed that 

 the privilege of delivery by districts be sold or auctioned in 

 each municipality. 



Whether this plan by which the community supersedes 

 the individual in the sale of milk will be put into operation 

 and whether it can be justified as a legitimate exercise of the 

 police powers of the State remains to be seen. It is perhaps 

 most interesting as a commentary on conditions which have 

 been thought to call for so drastic a remedy.* 



MILWAUKEE 



The following interesting account of recent developments 

 in the milk situation in Milwaukee has been received from 

 Mr. F. W. Luening, Deputy Commissioner of Health, under 

 date of January 28, 1916: f 



Our local problems here have most recently revolved about the 

 question of the tuberculin test and pasteurization. There are 

 incidentally, questions concerning the merits of clarification, and 

 to us the big question of public understanding and cooperation. 



Milwaukee some years ago enacted an ordinance requiring that 

 all milk sold in the city come from tuberculin-tested herds. An 

 injunction was promptly served, prohibiting the city from enforcing 

 this ordinance. An organization of milk shippers then took the 

 matter into the courts and delayed enforcement for a number of 

 years. The case was carried from a first hearing in the presence 

 of a court commissioner to the supreme court of the United States. 

 In every instance the city had the better of the argument. When 



* Cf . the discussion on municipalization, Chapter V. 



t In the course of his study the author has had correspondence with 

 a number of officials in different towns and cities. Some of their remarks 

 by courtesy of the writers, are reproduced here as furnishing useful 

 first-hand information. 



