CHISEL AND MALLET 81 



cially necessary on stocks too large to be whip-grafted. 

 The bow-saw, A, Fig. 37, is in common use in the western 

 states. In this type of saw the handle fits close in the 

 hand and can be adjusted to a variety of conditions. Both 

 ends of the blade are fastened by means of a swivel bolt 

 which can be adjusted to any angle. One end is fastened 

 with a thumb-screw nut which makes it easy to tighten or 

 replace when broken. A number of saws of this type are 

 now being manufactured and can be purchased at almost 

 any nursery supply house. 



Such saws have a thin blade, make a very fine cut and 

 the teeth being set wide will cut through a limb with sur- 

 prising ease. They can be used with success on branches 

 up to three or four inches in diameter. The blade is 

 made reversible so that the cut can be made by drawing 

 the saw instead of shoving; in this way it is not so easily 

 broken. For cutting large branches a good stiff-bladed 

 pruning saw is desirable. 



Chisel and Mallet. For grafting large stock some 

 kind of a splitter is required. Such a tool can be made by 

 a blacksmith from an old file. The blade should be about 

 six inches long and very thin to prevent splitting the 

 stock too far. On the end of the blade is a small wedge, 

 which is used in holding the cleft open while the cion is 

 being set in place. These wedges should be about one- 

 half inch wide, three-quarters of an inch long and thin at 

 the heel in order to work satisfactorily. The mallet can 

 be made from a hard piece of wood, or an ordinary car- 

 penter's mallet may be used. These ought not to weigh 

 over one pound. 



