86 GRAFTING OPERATIONS 



points to keep in mind. First, the relationship between 

 the stock and cion must be one that will permit of a union 

 from a physiological standpoint. Second, the cambium 

 layer of the stock must coincide with the cambium layer 

 of the cion in order that the sap may be passed from one 

 to the other. Third, every precaution must be taken to 

 seal up the union to prevent the loss of moisture and the 

 consequent drying out. If, in addition to the above, 

 the mechanical part of the operation be executed with care 

 and cleanliness, good results may always be looked for. 



Kinds of Grafts. The names applied to the various 

 kinds of grafts are usually associated with some phase of the 

 mechanics of the operation. They differ mainly in the 

 details of the operation and have been the outgrowth of 

 efforts to adapt the work to special situations or conditions. 

 Often several different kinds may be used successfully 

 for the same work. Those most used in the United States 

 may be enumerated as follows: 



1. Whip grafts. 5. Veneer grafts. 



2. Side-whip grafts. 6. Side grafts. 



3. Cleft grafts. 7. Bridge grafts. 



4. Bark grafts. 8. Inarching. 



Whip Grafting. This is the graft most used by nur- 

 serymen in their propagational work. It is used largely 

 on apples and pears though it may be used on other fruits 

 as well. The apple seedlings previously referred to are 

 grown primarily for this kind of work. It is one of the 

 most simple of the many diverse kinds of grafts and may 

 be worked either in the field or indoors. In the latter 



