116 PROPAGATION BY CUTTINGS 



lusing without materially disturbing the part that is buried 

 deeper. 



After the cuttings have remained in these beds for 

 several weeks they are removed and planted in the nur- 

 sery row. This is best done late in the fall when no growth 

 can take place until spring. If they are to be left in the 

 beds over the winter the bundles should be dug up and 

 reburied, laying the cuttings flatwise. They should then 

 be covered with sufficient soil or mulch to prevent freezing 

 during the colder months. It should be mentioned in this 

 connection that the roots normally spring from the end 

 of the twig that was closest to the roots before cutting 

 Also that root cuttings will throw out branches from the 

 end that was normally closest to the trunk. This condi- 

 tion is known as polarity and is probably the result of the 

 same magnetic effects which causes branches to grow up 

 and roots to grow down. It is not at all impossible to 

 reverse root growth, as may be illustrated in black rasp- 

 berries which are rooted from the tips of the canes. In 

 this particular case the roots form from the node just below 

 the dormant bud and the latter point downward when 

 growth starts, but soon reverses and grows upward. 



Kinds of Cuttings. Numerous names have been 

 applied to the various cuttings depending partially on the 

 wood taken and partially on the after treatment. Those 

 most commonly used in connection with the propagation 

 of tree fruits may be classified as follows: 

 Single eye cuttings Mallet cuttings Tip cuttings 



Simple cuttings Root cuttings Softwood cuttings 



Heel cuttings Nurse root cuttings Truncheons 



