INFLUENCE OF STOCK ON CION 155 



bud is made in the usual way and then later a second bud- 

 ding is done. The process takes a year longer to grow a 

 desirable tree and adds considerable to the expense of 

 the work, yet the results often warrant the extra effort. 

 The Baldwin apple grown in Maine is more resistant to 

 the severe winter conditions when double worked on the 

 Tolman Sweet. The Grimes Golden of the central states 

 is increased in vigor and productiveness by double work- 

 ing. The Stark Brothers Nurseries use many nurse root 

 cuttings of the Northern Spy and Stark Delicious apples 

 because of their resistance to the woolly aphis. The 

 cuttings are made long so they will eventually develop the 

 major part of the root system. 



Fruit trees that have weak or crooked trunks may be 

 strengthened by double working. The Winter Nellis pear 

 is an example of this kind. A good strong grower like 

 the Kieffer is used for the main trunk, then the Y/inter 

 Xellis is budded into the branches. Another feature of this 

 practice is the shortening of the time required for trees to 

 come into bearing. Apples that require from eight to ten 

 years to produce fruit will bear in five to eight by double 

 working. Pecan trees which have required twenty years to 

 fruit as seedlings have been made to bear in ten by double 

 working. The practice, however, is not recommended in- 

 discriminately but only to fit the fruits into special condi- 

 tions. 



Influence of Stock on Cion. Every fruit grower knows 

 that the kind of stock on which the fruit is grafted may pro- 

 duce a marked influence upon the resulting tree or fruit. 

 But to what extent these influences represent fixed or 



