DEFINITION OF TERMS USED. 217 



GLOSSARY. 



Ad libitum. At pleasure; in case of feeding farm ani- 

 mals, all they will eat of a particular feeding stuff. 



Albuminoids. A group of substances of the highest 

 importance in feeding farm animals, as they furnish the 

 material from which flesh, blood, skin, wool, casein of 

 milk, and other animal products are manufactured. An- 

 other name for albuminoids is flesh-forming substances 

 or protein. 



Ash. The portion of a feeding stuff which remains 

 when it is burned, the incombustible part of foods. The 

 ash of feeding stuffs goes to make the skeleton of young 

 animals, and in the case of milch cows a portion thereof 

 goes into the milk or milk ash. 



Bacteria. Microscopic vegetable organisms usually in 

 the form of a jointed rod-like filament, and found in putre- 

 fying organic infusions. They are widely diffused in 

 nature, and multiply with marvelous rapidity. Certain 

 species are active agents in fermentation, while others 

 appear to be the cause of certain infectious diseases. 



Balanced ration. A combination of feeding stuffs, 

 containing the various nutrients in such proportions and 

 amounts as will nurture the animals for twenty-four hours, 

 with the least waste of nutrients. 



By-Products. A secondary product of an industry; 

 cottonseed meal is a by-product of the cotton oil industry; 

 skim milk and butter milk are by-products of butter 

 making. 



Carbohydrates. A group of nutrients rich in carbon 

 and containing oxygen and hydrogen in the proportion 

 in which they form water. The most important carbohy- 

 drates found in feeding stuffs are starch, gums and crude 

 fiber (cellulose.) 



Carbon. A chemical element, which, with the elements 

 of water makes up the larger part of the dry matter of 

 plants and animals. 



Carbonic acid. A poisonous gas arising from the com- 

 bustion of coal or wood. It is formed in all kinds of fer- 

 mentations and therefore occurs in the siloing of fodders. 



Cellulose. See Crude fiber. 



Crude fiber. The frame work forming the walls of 

 cells of plants. It is composed of cellulose and lignin, 

 the latter being the woody portion of plants and wholly 

 indigestible. 



Digestible matter. The portion of feeding stuffs which 

 is digested by animals, i. e., brought in solution or semi- 



