162 MODERN SCIENCE READER 



as the tungsten filament incandescent lamp is to the carbon 

 filament lamp; you will all grasp the scope of that state- 

 ment. With acetylene lighting on one hand, and titanium 

 arc lighting on the other, we need say no more about the 

 influence of electrochemistry on modern illumination. 



Phosphorus. I stated before that the potassium chlorate 

 on safety matches was all being made electrochemically. 

 We can say practically the same of phosphorus. The 

 electric furnace enables us to distill phosphorus much more 

 easily and safely from the natural phosphates, than the 

 older chemical methods. Calcium carbide gives us acety- 

 lene gas, and another electrochemical furnace gives us the 

 phosphorus to "strike the light." 



Ferro-alloys are alloys of iron with the more expensive 

 metals, used in manufacturing steels of various kinds. 

 Ferro-manganese is used in practically all steel, ferro- 

 silicon is used in almost all. Ferro-chromium, nickel, 

 tungsten, molybdenum, boron, uranium, vanadium, are 

 some of the alloys used to make the special alloy steels, such 

 as find great use in rapid tool steel, automobile axles, 

 armor plate, gun steel, etc. These alloys are of great im- 

 portance to the steel industry, and are made almost exclu- 

 sively in electric furnaces. The industry has flourished 

 most in countries having cheap power, such as among the 

 French Alps, and the importations into this country have 

 been on a large scale. Fortunately, we are commencing at 

 Niagara Falls, in Virginia, and in Canada, to supply our- 

 selves with these necessities of the steel industry, and we 

 may look forward to a steady and large domestic develop- 

 ment of this industry. Within a few miles of this hall, a 

 small electric furnace is now at work making f erro-tungsten 

 to go into high-class, expensive steel. Pittsburg is going 

 to take its share in the running of this particular electro- 

 metallurgical industry. 



Pig iron would seem to be about the last item to find a 

 place in an address upon the electrochemical industries. 

 But the truth must "out": electric furnace pig iron is now 



