INDEX 



433 



317, 318 ; absurdity of swiftest 



possible motion, 275. 

 Miiller, Johannes, 192, 198. 

 Miiller, Otto F., 163 n. 



Natura naturans and natura 

 naturata, 162. 



Nature and grace, realms of, 268, 

 421. 



Necessary and eternal truths, 56, 

 120, 233, 363 ; necessary and 

 contingent truths, 134, 340 ; 

 their difference compared to that 

 of commensurable and incom- 

 mensurable numbers, 6 1 n. 



Necessity, different kinds of, 339 ; 

 metaphysical and physical, 342 ; 

 metaphysical and moral, 67, 145, 



247 n, 277; necessity an infin- 

 itely small degree of freedom, 

 145 ; necessity and fitness, 418. 



New Essays, circumstances of 

 writing, &c., 13, 355. 



New System, 297. 



Newton on the relations between 

 geometrical figures, 82 ; on 

 attraction, &c., 388 ; view of 

 space, 1 02 n ; relation to Leib- 

 niz as regards the Infinitesimal 

 Calculus, 8, 80. 



Nicholas of Cusa, 32 n, 34 n, 222 n, 



248 n, 250 n, 255 n, 267 n, 424 n. 



Nizolius, Leibniz's essay on, 6. 



Nolen, L\, quoted, 65 n ; on Leib- 

 niz and Kant, 1 78 n. 



Number, 329. 



Occasionalism, 43, 46, 333; de- 

 scribed and criticised, 312 ; 

 Leibniz's criticism of, 44. 



Occult qualities, 157, 389 n, 399, 

 403. 



Optimism of Leibniz, 66, 248, 271, 

 345 i=qq., 417, 424; his moral 

 optimism, I47n. 



Organic and inorganic, nature of 

 the distinction between, in ; 

 organic beings between man and 

 God, I2on. 



Organism, conception of, 31, 253 

 sqq. ; pervades nature, 105, 109, 

 112, 256, 309, 409; organisms 

 always come from seeds, 260, 413. 



Ovid, 390 n. 



Paracelsus, 403 n. 



Parmenides, 155 n, 259 n, 308. 



Pascal, 420 n ; on mathematical 

 infinity, 77 n. 



Perception, its nature according 

 to Leibniz, 33, 135 sqq., 2 24, 370, 

 407 ; equivalent to multiplicity 

 in unity, 35 ; not to be explained 

 by mechanism, 227, 397, 400; 

 degrees of perception, 51 n, 231, 

 410 ; not necessarily conscious, 

 34, 231, 370, 411; unconscious 

 is symbol of corresponding con- 

 scious perception, 47 ; confused, 

 clear, and distinct perception, 48, 

 49, 105 ; never without feeling, 

 139 ; perceptions always leave 

 traces, 133 n, 373; likened to 

 projection in perspective, 136; 

 periodicity in perceptions, 374 n ; 

 perceptioa-and apperception, 126 

 sqq., 411 ; petites perceptions, 

 131 sqq., 230, 370 sqq. ; percep- 

 tion and conception, views of 

 Kant and Leibniz, 171. 



Perfection, meaning of, according 

 to Leibniz, 249, 340 ; continual 

 progress of the world in, 419 n. 



Peripatetic philosophy, 156 sqq. 



Pfleiderer, Edmund, 43. 



Phenomena l>ene fundata, 98 sqq., 

 118 ; compared to rainbow, 100 ; 

 their reality different from that 

 of substance, 99 n ; how distin- 

 guished from phenomena of 

 dreams, 99. 



Philosophy, fanatical or barbarous, 

 402, 403. 



Piety, 287 sqq., 291. 



Place, meaning of, 203 ; according 

 to Aristotle, 353. 



Plant-animals, 38. 



Plato, 34 n, 155, 261 n; world of 

 ideas, 241 n ; doctrine of remi- 

 niscence, 131, 359 n; Leibniz's 

 view of, 368. 



Pleasure and pain, 139 sqq.; to 

 some extent in every soul, 140 ; 

 pleasure instinctively sought by 

 every soul, 141, 146, 285; un- 

 broken pleasure begets loathing, 



