ORANGE-TIP. 93 



are most frequently deposited, but the greater part of 

 the larvae must perish in this neighbourhood, because 

 the fields are mowed before the larvae are full-grown. 

 I have very often seen the larvae on the seed-pods of 

 Erysimum Alliaria, and have several times found the 

 pupce on the dead stems of this plant in winter ; I 

 think that it is the principal food of Cardamines at 

 Epping; it also probably feeds on E. larbarea, and 

 other similar plants. Some years ago we used to have 

 a quantity of a large single rocket in the garden, and 

 there was always a number of the larvae of Cardamines 

 feeding on the seed-pods. Cardamine impatiens is so 

 local a plant that it cannot be the common food of the 

 larvce of Cardamines" 



The chrysalis is of the very singular shape shown at 

 fig. 17, Plate I., a shape quite unique among British 

 butterflies, though that of the next slightly approaches 

 it. It is to be looked for in autumn and winter on the 

 dry, dead stems of the plants named in the foregoing 

 paragraph. 



The perfect butterfly, which is very common through- 

 out the country, is met with from the end of April to 

 the end of May or beginning of June. 



