136 BRITISH FISHERIES 



conditions on which the sea-fisheries depended, a 

 strong agitation was set up for the appointment of 

 a body whose business it would be to investigate 

 marine biology, so far as this was suggested by the 

 condition of the sea-fisheries. Five professors at 

 the University of Kiel were therefore appointed to 

 undertake such work. At the present time the 

 Commissioners are Hensen, Brandt, Reinke, and 

 Krummel, responsible respectively for the subjects 

 of physiology, zoology, botany, and geography, 

 at Kiel, and Heincke, Director of the biological 

 station at Helgoland. The President of this body 

 (Hensen) receives an annual salary of 90, and 

 each of the other members a salary of 45. An 

 annual grant of about 7500 is made by the 

 German Government for these salaries and the 

 expenses of the Kommission, which are the equip- 

 ment of laboratories at the University of Kiel, the 

 chartering of steamers for scientific work at sea, 

 the purchase of apparatus and materials, the 

 salaries of assistants and collectors of statistics, and 

 the printing of the beautiful reports the Wissen- 

 schaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen in which the 

 scientific results are published. From time to 

 time the Government has also made extra grants 

 for special investigations and surveys, the most 

 notable of which are the cruises of S.M.S. 

 Pommerania in the Baltic and North Seas in 

 1871-2, the "Plankton-Expedition" in the 

 North Sea and Atlantic in 1889, the Valdivia 



