8-2 FISHES. 



CLASS IV. PISCES. FISHES. 



Animals inhabiting waters, furnished with gills for the 

 purpose of breathing, and fms for swimming. 



ORDER I. APODES. 



Bony fishes, without ventral fins, 



\. ANGUILLA. Head smooth: nostrils tubular : eyes co- 

 vered with*, the common skin: gill-membrane 10- 

 rayed: body roundish, smooth, mucous : dorsal, caudal, 

 and anal-fins united : apiradts behind the head or 

 pectoral tins. 



2. Onus. Habit of the Anguilla, but the tail is without 



(in at the end, causing the dorsal and anal tins to be 

 distinct. 



3. ANARICIIAS. Head rounded, obtuse: front-teeth in 



each jaw, 6 or more in number, conic, strong, diver- 

 gent : grinders in the lower-jaw and palate, rounded : 

 gill-membrane G-raycd : body roundish : caudal-fin 

 distinct. 



4. AMMODYTES. Head compressed, narrower than' the 



body ; upper-lip doubled ; lower-jaw narrow, 

 pointed: teeth small, very sharp : gill-mimbretne 

 7 -rayed : "body 'long, square, rourided at the' sides, 

 with very minute scales : caudal-fin distinct. 



5. OPHIDIUM. Head somewhat naked : teeth in the 



jaws, palate, and throat : gill-membrane 7-raycd : 

 body ens i form. 



6. LEPTOCEPHALUS. Head small, narrow: body very 



thin and flat: pectoral fins none. 



7. XiPiiiAs. Head with the upper-jaw ending in a long 



sword-like projection: mouth without teeth: gill- 

 membrane 8-rayed : body roundish, without apparent 

 scales. 



ORDER II. JUGULARES. 



Bony fishes, with the ventral fins placed before the pectoral. 



8. GALLIOKYMUS. Upper-lip doubled up : eyes vertical. 



approximate : gill-covers closed, with a small aper- 

 ture each side the neck; the membrane 6-rayed : 

 body naked : ventral-fins very remote. 



9. TRACHINUS. Head compressed, a little rough : gill- 



membrane 6-rayed ; the covers prickly, the lower 

 piece serrate : body compressed : vent near the 

 breast. 



10. GADUS. Head smooth: gill-membrane with 7 cylin- 

 drical rays : body oblong, clothed with deciduous 



