LIST OF BLACK-AND-WHITE ILLUSTRATIONS xv 



PAGE 



47. Examples of Fourth Upper Premolar (the Upper Carnassial Tooth) in various 



Carnivores 117 



(The Common Fox (Canis vulpes) ) 

 The Wolf, European Type (Canis lupus) j Factn S 



( British Cave Lion (Felis leo spelaa) 1 



49< | British Cave Bear (Ursus spelceus) ^Facing 134 



[The Common Otter \ 



5 'j The Common Otter (Lutra vulgaris) \Factng 138 



{The Pine Marten (Mustela martes) 1 

 The Badger (Meles taxus) j" **** * 44 



52. The Polecat (Putorius fatidus) Facing 154 



53. The Common Stoat (Putorius ermineus). Summer coat . . . Facing 158 



54. The Weasel (Putorius nivalis) Facing 162 



55. Examples of Upper Canine Tooth in Lion and in two Machairodonts 



(natural size) I7 1 



56. Gape of Jaws in a British Sabre-toothed "Tiger" (Machairodus cultridens) . 173 



{The Ferret, domesticated form of Polecat (Putorius fxtidus) . . 1 

 The Wild Cat (Felis catus) L*" 



58. Fore Paw and Hind Paw of Common Seal compared with Fore Paw and 



Hind Paw of Sea Lion 190 



59. Premolars and Molar, Upper Jaw, of Common Seal 195 



60. The Harp Seal {Phoca grcenlandica) 2OI 



61. The Gray Seal (Halichcerus grypus). Adult and young . . . Facing 204 



62. Head of Hooded Seal (Cystophora) 207 



63. Wild Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Facing 212 



64. The Mountain Hare (Lepus timidus). Winter coat in Wicklow 



Mountains, Ireland Facing 218 



I The Common Hare (Lepus turopteus) I zr 



65. -\ r facing 220 

 I The European Beaver (Castor fiber) J 



f The Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) 1 



'1 The Common Dormouse (Mtiscardinus avellanarius) . . j 



67. Molar Teeth of Squirrel, Rat, and Water Vole (Microttts) for Comparison 



(twice natural size) 238 



f Long.-tailed Field or Wood Mouse (Mus sylvaticus) . 

 J Harvest Mouse (Mus minutus) \. F ' p 



j Red Bank Vole (Evotomys glareolus) 



I Black Rat (Mus rattus) 



f Brown Rat (Mus decumanus) 



69 '| Short-tailed Field Vole (Mzcrotus agrestis) J "**& 2S 



70. Pattern of Enamel and Dentine on Surface of Molar Teeth of African and 



Indian Elephants 263 



