LEMURS, MONKEYS, AND MAN 375 



dark-haired, dark-eyed, hairy man, with a skin which, though 

 tanned by exposure, is still clear enough to show a blush. The 

 dark-haired whites developed the first civilisation, and spread it 

 westwards over the Mediterranean Basin in North Africa and 

 South Europe, having, amongst other things, a passion for 

 raising objects of worship or tombs in the shape of huge erect 

 stones. The dark-haired, white-skinned Iberian spread through 

 France and Southern Germany into Denmark, England, Wales, 

 Ireland, and Scotland, where their descendants may be seen not 

 much differentiated at the present day. They were possibly the 

 Picts of history, while the fairies of legend were undoubtedly the 

 hunted remains of Palaeolithic man the dwarfish descendants of 

 the Australoid and Eskimo aborigines. The Iberian, in short, 

 was Neolithic man, with his vastly improved implements of 

 stone. He too began first to utilise metals. 



Then, much later, somewhere in the north of Europe arose 

 a remarkable type of white man, whose origin is still uncertain. 

 He was even paler and clearer-skinned than the Iberian, and 

 consequently more blushing, but he differed notably from this 

 and from all other types of humanity by retaining the gray eyes 

 of infancy, and developing them until the iris was nearly blue in 

 colour. He was also notable for his red, still more his blonde 

 or brown hair. Whether he arose directly as a variety of the 

 primal Caucasian stock, or whether he was originally due to an 

 intermixture with the Mongolian, is uncertain. A tendency to 

 red or to dark brown hair exists in the germ of the human species. 

 Anthropoid apes, our cousins of to-day, not only are reddish- 

 yellow and brown in some genera and black-haired in others, but 

 even black-haired apes, like the gorilla, have a tendency, especially 

 in the female, to develop reddish hairs. The Congo pygmies, 

 who are amongst the lowest type of Negro, also incline towards 

 redness of hair on the head, and the fine down on their bodies 

 is reddish-yellow. Even the Iberians in Afghanistan and North 

 Africa developed a variety with reddish-brown hair and gray 

 eyes. A downright red-haired type of Caucasian man seems to 

 have been an extremely old variety, and is that which is so often 



